ABSTRACT
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem of psychological well-be-ing of medical workers is becoming particularly relevant. The appeal of physicians to intrapersonal hardiness resources, the use of optimal coping strategies for long-term work in a pandemic increases the likelihood of a more favorable passage of a stressful period and a decrease in emotional burnout. Goal. To identify the specifics of emotional burnout of medical workers during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the characteristics of the state of hardiness and the use of coping strategies. Adaptation to the Russian language of the methodology "Burnout scale in COVID-19 (COVID-19-BS)” (M. Yıldırım, F. Solmaz). Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted in November-De-cember 2021. The study sample included 128 medical workers: 37.5% doctors, 47% middle and junior medical personnel, 15.5% medical students who volunteered to work in medical institutions during the pandemic;23% men, 77% women;aged 21 to 63 years (M=35 years). The study was conducted in the city of Ivanovo (47%), the city of Moscow and the Moscow region (57%). The following techniques were used: "The test of hardiness” (S. Muddy, in the Russian-language adaptation of E.N. Osin, E.I. Rasskazova), "Questionnaire of coping methods” (OSS) (R. Lazarus, S. Folkman, in the Russian-language adaptation of T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuftyak, M.S. Zamyshlyaeva), "Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 items (SAVE-9) for Healthcare workers” (S. Chang with et al.;in the Russian-language adaptation by S.E. Mosolova et al.), "Burnout scale in COVID-19 (COVID-19-BS)” (M. Yildi-rim, F. Solmaz). The empirical data obtained were interpreted and processed using qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, including: descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, linear regression analysis (step selection method), Mann-Whitney U-test. Results. The study showed that every third medical employee at work during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, experiences stress and anxiety, shows signs of emotional burnout. Two-thirds of medical workers as a whole have demonstrated a sufficient level of hardiness development. Hardiness parameters are negatively associated with anxiety and emotional burnout of physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The greatest durability of this effect is provided by such parameters of resilience as "engage-ment” and "risk taking”. Which indicates that hardiness may be a protective factor for medical professionals. The most implemented coping strategies among physicians are problem solving planning, social support search, self-control, positive reassessment. The choice of non-constructive copings (confrontation, distancing, escape-avoidance) promotes the development of emotional burnout. The study con-firmed the reliability and validity of the COVID-19-BS questionnaire for measuring emotional burnout associated with COVID-19. Conclusion. The data obtained on the peculiarities of the psychological state of medical workers during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic indicate the need to continue work related to their psychological support and support for their personal and professional development, prevention of depression and post-trau-matic stress disorder. © 2022, Science and Innovation Center Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has put at risk the lives and health of both the students themselves and their relatives and friends. The changed living conditions required rapid adaptation to changes, the success of which can be determined by the level of neuropsychic adaptation and subjective psychological well-being of the indi-vidual. Most of the studies conducted in 2020-2021 show the need for psychological assistance to at least half of full-time students. In order for it to be effective and ensure the sustainability of the achieved results of personal recovery, it is necessary to identify personal prerequisites, work with which makes the goal of adaptation of students in new conditions achievable. Judging by a number of scientific publications of domestic and foreign studies, such a prerequisite is the type of attachment. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of attachment type on neu-ropsychiatric adaptation and subjective psychological safety in male and female students. Materials and methods. The sample, compiled randomly, included 130 stu-dents, 97 of them girls and 33 boys. For diagnostic purposes, the following were used: 1) “Adult attachment scale for close relationships” R. 2) Self-determination of the attachment type according to the short version of ECR-R (Chistopolskaya K.A., Mitina O.V., Enikolopov S.N., Nikolaev E.L., Semikin G.I., Chubina S.A., Ovol S.N., Drovosekov S.E.) 3) the test “Neuropsychic adaptation” by I.N. Gur-vich, which allowed to distribute the student sample by levels of mental health, as well as to make a diagnostic conclusion about the general level of neuropsychic adaptation of the subjects;4) self-assessment of the level of subjective psychological safety in the range from 1 to 7 points(R. Likert scale). Mathematical and statistical data processing was carried out using the MS package Office Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Correlation analysis of empirical data (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) and comparative analysis were used (the reliability of intergroup differences was established by the Student’s t-criterion). A comparative analysis of the data was performed depending on the gender of the subjects and the type of their attachment. Results. It was found that the “reliable” type of attachment dominates in the surveyed student sample (43.8%);the proportion of students with an anxious type was 40%, with an avoidant – 16.2%. Complete mental health was diagnosed in 29.2% of the total sample;limited mental health – in 30.8%;in 33.1% of the sub-jects, the probability of borderline mental pathology, neuroticism was revealed;in 6.9%, the probability of severe mental pathology. The overall level of neuropsy-chic adaptation was 29.8 points – this characterizes the sample as having limited mental health, but without signs of stress, maintaining neuropsychic stability;at the same time, the overall level of neuropsychic adaptation is significantly higher in the group of male students. Students with a low level of subjective psychological security (they feel in trouble;pressure, insecurity, dependence, threat;there are many things that make them feel unsafe) are in the minority (12.4%);students with a low level, tending to the average (there is something that makes them not very comfortable and safe) they make up the majority (35.4%);the proportion of students with an average (normal) level is 30.0%;with high and very high – 22.2%. At the same time, the group indicators of subjective psychological security in the male and female samples are almost equal and correspond to the average (normal) level. A close relationship has been established between the type of attachment and the level of neuropsychic adaptation and subjective psychological security of the individual, as well as with gender and age;high indicators of subjective psychological security and neuropsychic adaptation are closely related to the “reliable” type of attachment, low – with the “anxious” and especially closely with the “avoidant” types. Detecte : 1) the tendency to significant differences between male and female student samples in the proportion of students with a reliable type of attachment (among male students, this proportion is greater);2) the tendency to significant differences in the level of subjective psychological security (in the female sample, its indicator is higher);3) statistically significant intergroup differences in the level of neuropsychiatric adaptation (male students are more adapted than female students). Conclusion. Students with a “reliable” type of attachment, in contrast to students with “unreliable” types – avoidant and anxious, have a higher level of neuropsychiatric health, neuropsychic adaptation and subjective psychological security. Therefore, it makes sense to build psychotherapeutic and psychoprophy-lactic work aimed at strengthening the neuropsychiatric health of students, provid-ing for the use of methods for the development of a “reliable” type of attachment. © 2022, Science and Innovation Center Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic and the mass self-isolation associated with it had a significant impact on the features of the semantic sphere of personality formed by students at its beginning. And the more the changed living conditions affected the life and health of the students themselves, the more likely their life-meaning orientations, basic beliefs, as well as the practice of filling the time of their own life have changed. It is important to determine what differences in these parameters are observed in those students who have had this viral infection, when compared with those students who have not had it. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the meaning-of-life orientations of the individual, basic beliefs and the daily structuring of life time during the period of self-isolation of students who were ill with the COVID-2019 viral infection. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 180 students who studied at the 4th year of several Moscow universities (MSPPU, RSSU, MSOU, etc.) at the faculties of social and humanitarian orientation. A group of students who had been ill with COVID-19 was selected from this randomly compiled student sample. Two student groups were compared: 1) students who have had COVID-19;2) students who have not had it. Empirical data are collected on the basis of the test “Life ori-entations” by D.A. Leontiev, the scale of basic beliefs (WAS) by R. Yanov-Bulman in the adaptation of M.A. Padun and A.V. Kotelnikova and a specially developed methodology for students ‘ self-assessment of the structure and volume of daily employment during the period of restrictive measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The list of types of daily employment was developed by students of the 4th year of the Faculty of Extreme Psychology of the Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University during training sessions in an online format. It included the following types of daily employment: sleep, educational activities, housework, time at the computer for non-educational purposes, lying in a horizontal position, maintaining physical fitness, watching TV, other employment-its own version, which could include work, volunteer activities, etc. The students participating in the study were given instructions as subjects: “Please remember what exactly you were usu-ally busy with during the day during the period of self-isolation and express it in % ratio, based on the total amount of 100%. In the line: “Other employment” – list what exactly you were doing.” Mathematical and statistical data processing is carried out on the basis of the MS package Office Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The reliability of the differences in the indicators of the two student groups was determined by the Mann-Whitney U-criterion. Results. It is established that ill virus COVID-19 students differ from students without a history of them, the higher the overall level of meaningfulness of life;although the structure of the General level of meaningfulness of life in them is the same (in first place is the goal of life, followed by: locus of control life, the process of life, the result of life;this completes the hierarchy of locus of control, “I”), but the students had been ill with the virus COVID-19, live with a more pronounced sense of the efficiency of life and are more motivated people;they also have a relatively higher indicators of locus of control life, the process of life, locus of control “I”;ill with the virus COVID-19 students have similar levels of belief in the benevolence of the world and control the events in their life events without a history of them stu-dents. At the same time in their cognitive models of the world was formed more than a high, but not beyond the normative values, the level of basic beliefs – in their own luck and luck, the value and significance of their own “I”, there is justice;students who recover from the virus COVID-19, more varied structure of his employment during the day, compared to without a history of them students. Conclusion. The data obtained empirically confirm the presence of differences between the student samples: students who have had the COVID-19 virus infection differ from their peers who have not had it, both by the peculiarities of the semantic sphere of the individual and by the peculiarities of structuring the time of their own life. In order to scientifically explain these identified differences, additional research is required with a large coverage of students. © 2021, Science and Innovation Center Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: To mitigate the potentially devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital to identify psychosocial and moral resources. The care, preservation, protection, and well-being of social communities are attributes of prosocial behavior that can be such a resource. Aim: The purpose of the study is to identify the features of prosocial orientation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The sample consisted of 447 people. The study was conducted in May 2020 in the form of an online survey of subjects using Google Forms (“Portrait Values Questionnaire”). Results: The research made it possible to establish that participants were dominated by values of benevolence-universalism. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prosocial orientation may manifest itself in the following behavioral strategies: proactive prosocial strategy of “caring for others” (true altruism, expressed in forms of volunteering, helping a stranger, and charity despite the risk of contracting a coronavirus infection);egoistic strategy of prosocial behavior “self-care through caring for others” (volunteering based on self-development;helping a stranger to improve your own psychological well-being);conventional prosocial strategy “self-care” (self-isolation and preventive behavior). Conclusion: In the long run, it is necessary to identify personal and environmental resources that can allow people to effectively implement a prosocial self-isolation strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as various forms of volunteerism. © 2021 Kislyakov and Shmeleva.
ABSTRACT
Background. Mass lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic deeply influenced sports activities and consequently psychological health of athletes. The main consequences for the psychological health of athletes are primarily associated with psychosomatic and psycho-emotional disorders. Purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of the psychological health of athletes during the COVID-2019 pandemic. Materials and methods. The group of respondents consisted of 419 athletes aged 18 to 30, living in various regions of Russia. The study was carried out using a special-ly developed questionnaire, including questions about particularities of organization of the training process during the pandemic, about further sports plans, about psychosomatic and psycho-emotional characteristics caused by the cancellation of sports training and competitions. We also used the standardized method “Well-being, activi-ty, mood – SAN” (V.A. Doskin, N.A. Lavrentyeva, V.B. Sharai and M.P. Miroshnikov). Results. The study revealed a consistent pattern that maintaining optimal physical shape during the COVID-19 pandemic prevents negative psychosomatic and psy-cho-emotional manifestations, providing a subjective feeling of a favorable physiological and psychological state. Adaptive coping of athletes’ acceptance of the situation and self-control directly correlates with maintaining optimal physical shape during the COVID-19 pandemic and, as a result, with positive sports plans. Conclusion. The results confirm that maintaining regular physical activity is an important preventive strategy for physical and psychological health during forced self-isolation. © 2021, Science and Innovation Center Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objective of the study was to analyze, based on questionnaire survey data, popularity and benefits of the most popular physical education digital technologies applicable for students’ physical activation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and structure of the study. For the physical education digital technologies study purposes, we run the questionnaire survey and processed and analyzed the questionnaire survey data using mathematical SPSS Statistics 22 software toolkit. We sampled physical education teachers (n=72) including university physical education teachers (25.0%);children and youth sport school coaches (23.6%);school physical education teachers (19.4%);physical education instructors (18.1%);college physical education teachers (8.3%);and personal trainers (5.6%). Results and conclusion. The most popular physical education digital technologies for physically active and sporting lifestyles were ranked as follows: video lessons/ training models available on Youtube, etc. (16.7%);physical education guides for self-training in the social networks (15.6%);real-time online classes using Zoom and Skype (15.6%);theoretical physical education support via Viber, WhatsApp, Telegram and other messengers (14.0%);mobile physical education tools (13.4%);and emailed practical physical education guidelines (9.7%). Less popular were the following physical education platforms: Russian electronic school, Uchi.ru, YaKlass, Google Classroom, Moodle, etc. (8.1%);and the university/ school/ college physical education websites (7.0%). © 2021, Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury i sporta. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Self-isolation, accompanied by intensive inclusion in the digital information environment, has led to a deterioration in students’ psychological well-being and the emergence of information stress. Information stress is associated with the compulsive use of social networks, viewing aggressive news content, disseminating misinformation. The purpose of the study was to study the features of information behavior, psychological stability and ways to cope with information stress for Russian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study participants and methods. The sample consisted of 218 students from Moscow and Ivanovo aged 18 to 26 (M=19.5) (33% men, 67% women). A specially developed questionnaire was used to identify the features of students’ information behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic;to assess psychological stability and determine coping strategies in conditions of information stress, the methodology “Questionnaire of Coping Methods” (QCM) was used (R. Lazarus, S. Folkman, in Russian-language adaptation by T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuftyak, M.S. Zamyshlyaeva). Results and scientific novelty. The cluster analysis allowed identifying four types of students’ information behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: phobic (20%), cognitive (45%), nihilistic (20%) and circulating behavior (15%). To a greater extent, in order to cope with information stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, student youth use constructive coping strategies for planning (xave = 58.5±21.7), positive reassessment (xave = 51.9±19.3), self-control (xave = 47.5±17.8), characterized by a purposeful analysis of the situation and possible behavior options, including the determination of personal development directions. Besides, a significant part of students resort to the use of destructive coping strategies of avoidance, confrontation, distancing, caused by negative experiences, leading to the circulation of unofficial information about the pandemic. Half of the respondents need social support. The regression analysis made it possible to identify predictors of psychological resistance (coping strategies) to information stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical significance. The identified types of information behavior can be used in educational work with students and their psychological support in order to personalize the communicative impact, as well as in the monitoring system of students’ psychological state and their perception of risks, the level of awareness and trust in the information received, the adoption of established rules and the willingness to follow them. © 2020 LLC Ecological Help. All rights reserved.